Store Docker Logs in Elasticsearch with Filebeat…

Allgemein, Docker, Linux

Create a filebeat configuation file named “filebeat.yaml”

filebeat.config:
  modules:
    path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml
    reload.enabled: false

filebeat.autodiscover:
  providers:
    - type: docker
      hints.enabled: true

processors:
- add_cloud_metadata: ~

setup.ilm:
  enabled: false

output.elasticsearch:
  hosts: '${ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS:elasticsearch:9200}'
  username: '${ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME:}'
  password: '${ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD:}'

Create a docker-compose.yaml file

version: '3.0'
services:
  elasticsearch:
    hostname: elasticsearch
    image: elasticsearch:7.5.0
    ports:
      - 9200:9200
      - 9300:9300
    volumes:
      - esdata:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    environment:
      - discovery.type=single-node
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
  kibana: 
    hostname: kibana
    image: kibana:7.5.0
    ports: 
      - 5601:5601
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch        
    environment:
      - XPACK_MONITORING_ENABLED=false
      - LOGGING_QUIET=true
  filebeat:
    user: root
    hostname: filebeat
    image: docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat:7.5.1
    command: filebeat -e -strict.perms=false
    volumes:
      - ./filebeat.yaml:/usr/share/filebeat/filebeat.yml
      - /var/lib/docker/containers:/var/lib/docker/containers:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
    environment:
      - output.elasticsearch.hosts=["elasticsearch:9200"]
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch
volumes: 
  esdata:

Startup the docker containers

docker-compuse up -d

Then you can access the logs via Kibana in the browser: http://localhost:5601/

Native Image with GraalVM

Allgemein
  1. Get the Windows version of GraalVM: https://github.com/oracle/graal/releases
  2. Extract it to C:\app
  3. Uninstall any Visual C++ 2010 Redistributables
  4. Get the Microsoft Windows SDK for Windows 7 and .NET Framework 4 (ISO): https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=8442
    Use the GRMSDKX_EN_DVD.iso
  5. Mount the image and runF:\Setup\SDKSetup.exe 
  6. Run the Windows SDK 7.1 Command Prompt by going to Start > Microsoft Windows SDK v7.1 > Windows SDK 7.1 Command Prompt

c:\app\graalvm-ce-19.2.1\bin\native-image -jar Example.jar ^
--no-fallback ^
--report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime ^
--allow-incomplete-classpath ^

IIS Reverse Proxy Configuration

WinCC Unified

If you need to add a reverse proxy to your Internet Information Server (IIS) you can just add a rule to your site configuration file. In the following example we add a reverse proxy (url rewrite) for a GraphQL Server to our WinCC Unified WebRH. Afterwards restart the site with the IIS services manager.

IIS Configuration File: 
"C:\Program Files\Siemens\Automation\WinCCUnified\SimaticUA\web.config"
 
 <configuration>
   <system.webServer>
     <rewrite>
       <outboundRules>
         <rule name="Remove Server header">
           <match serverVariable="RESPONSE_Server" pattern=".+" />
           <action type="Rewrite" value="" />
         </rule>
       </outboundRules>
             <rules>
                 <rule name="Reverse Proxy to GraphQL" stopProcessing="true">
                   <match url="^graphql" />
                   <action type="Rewrite" url="http://localhost:4000/graphql" />
                 </rule>                      
                 <rule name="UMC SSO Static">
                     <match url="(.*)" />
                     <conditions>
                         <add input="{URL}" pattern="(.*)\/umc-sso(.*)" />
                     </conditions>
                     <serverVariables>
                         <set name="HTTP_COOKIE" value="{HTTP_COOKIE};ReverseProxyHost={HTTP_HOST};ReverseProxyPort={SERVER_PORT}" />
                     </serverVariables>
                     <action type="Rewrite" url="http://localhost:8443/umc-sso{C:2}" />
                 </rule>  
             </rules>
     </rewrite> 
...

More examples for rewrite rules

<rewrite>
    <rules>
        <rule name="Reverse Proxy to webmail" stopProcessing="true">
            <match url="^webmail/(.*)" />
            <action type="Rewrite" url="http://localhost:8081/{R:1}" />
        </rule>
        <rule name="Reverse Proxy to payroll" stopProcessing="true">
            <match url="^payroll/(.*)" />
            <action type="Rewrite" url="http://localhost:8082/{R:1}" />
        </rule>
    </rules>
</rewrite>

Restart site with “Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager”

WinCC OA OPC UA Server

WinCC OA

For testing sometimes it is too hard to deal with security :-). To make the OPC UA server in WinCC OA unsecure add the following lines to the config file.

[opcuasrv]
disableSecurity = 1
enableAnonymous = 1

Add the WCCOAopcuasrv manager to the project and start it.

To publish datapoints don’t forget to add the datapoints to the DP groups “OPCUARead” and “OPCUAWrite”.

Size of tables in PostgreSQL vs Apache Cassandra…

BigData/NoSQL

PostgreSQL table with ts+key as primary key:  ~43GB

PostgreSQL wide column table with ts as primary key : 247GB
Cassandra wide column table with ts as primary  key: 4.5GB

Strange that in PostgreSQL a table with much less rows (but much more columns) needs a lot of more space (both tables store the same amount of data). )

It seems that the Apache Cassandra Column Store can compress the columns pretty good – factor 10 less disk space!

The source table in PostgreSQL (TimescaleDB) with a timestamp and a key column and 8 data columns had about 170 Mio rows.

CREATE TABLE candles
(
    instrument character varying(10) NOT NULL,
    ts timestamp(3) without time zone NOT NULL,
    o numeric,
    h numeric,
    l numeric,
    c numeric,
    primary key (instrument, ts)
)

I needed to flatten the table so that i have just the timestamp as primary key and many columns and each column is of a type. It ends up in a table with about 1.6 Mio rows and many columns.

CREATE TYPE price AS (
    o       float,
    c       float,
    h       float,
    l       float,
    volume  float
);

CREATE TABLE candles_wide
(
   ts timestamp(3) without time zone NOT NULL,
   AU200_AUD price,
   AUD_CAD price,
   AUD_CHF price,
   AUD_HKD price,
   AUD_JPY price,
   AUD_NZD price,
   ... 124 columns

Apache Cassandra wide column store table with ts as primary key and many columns.

CREATE TABLE candles (ts timestamp,
   AU200_AUD tuple<float,float,float,float,float>,    
   AUD_CAD tuple<float,float,float,float,float>,  
   AUD_CHF tuple<float,float,float,float,float>,  
   ... 124 tuples

 

 

Python and WinCC OA…

Machine Learning, WinCC OA

Connected Python to WinCC OA through a Websocket Manager. Python programs can connect to WinCC OA and read/write datapoints. Communication is JSON based, it’s simple to use in Python, see examples below (ws://rocworks.no-ip.org can be used for tests, but will not be available all the time).

https://github.com/vogler75/oa4j-wss

  1. dpGet
  2. dpSet
  3. dpConnect
  4. dpQueryConnect
  5. dpGetPeriod
  6. … more functions will be implemented

Required Python modules:

  • pip3 install websocket-client
  • pip3 install matplotlib

############################################################
# Open Connection
############################################################
import json
import ssl
from websocket import create_connection
url='ws://rocworks.no-ip.org/winccoa?username=demo&password=demo'
ws = create_connection(url, sslopt={"cert_reqs": ssl.CERT_NONE})

############################################################
# dpGetPeriod
############################################################
cmd={'DpGetPeriod': {
 'Dps':['ExampleDP_Trend1.'],
 'T1': '2018-02-07T18:10:00.000', 
 'T2': '2018-02-07T23:59:59.999',
 'Count': 0, # Optional (Default=0)
 'Ts': 0 # Optional (0...no ts in result, 1...ts as ms since epoch, 2...ts as ISO8601)
 }}
ws.send(json.dumps(cmd))
res=json.loads(ws.recv())
#print(res)
if "System1:ExampleDP_Trend1.:_offline.._value" in res["DpGetPeriodResult"]["Values"]:
 values=res["DpGetPeriodResult"]["Values"]["System1:ExampleDP_Trend1.:_offline.._value"]
 print(values)
else:
 print("no data found")

# Plot result of dpGetPeriod
%matplotlib inline 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(values)
plt.ylabel('ExampleDP_Trend1.')
plt.show()

############################################################
# dpGet
############################################################
cmd={'DpGet': {'Dps':['ExampleDP_Trend1.', 'ExampleDP_Trend2.']}}
ws.send(json.dumps(cmd))
res=json.loads(ws.recv())
print(json.dumps(res, indent=4, sort_keys=True))

############################################################
# dpSet
############################################################
from random import randint
cmd={'DpSet': {'Wait': True, 
 'Values':[{'Dp':'ExampleDP_Trend1.','Value': randint(0, 9)}, 
 {'Dp':'ExampleDP_Trend2.','Value': randint(0, 9)}]}}
ws.send(json.dumps(cmd))
res=json.loads(ws.recv())
print(json.dumps(res, indent=4, sort_keys=True))

############################################################
# dpConnect
############################################################
from threading import Thread

def read():
    while True:
        res=json.loads(ws.recv())
        print(res)
Thread(target=read).start()
    
cmd={"DpConnect": {"Id": 1, "Dps": ["ExampleDP_Trend1."]}}
ws.send(json.dumps(cmd))

Clojure connected to WinCC OA…

Allgemein

Because Clojure is a JVM language, oa4j can be used to connect to WinCC Open Architecture.

(def manager (new JManager))

(defn callback [values]
  (let [v (reduce #(+ %1 %2) (map #(.getValueObject %) values))];
    (dpSet :ExampleDP_Trend1. v)))

(defn -main [& args]
  (.init manager (into-array args))
  (.start manager)
  (dpSet {:ExampleDP_Arg1. 2.0 :ExampleDP_Arg2. 3.0})
  (println (clojure.string/join "," 
    (dpGet [:ExampleDP_Arg1. :ExampleDP_Arg2.])))
  (let [c (dpConnect [:ExampleDP_Arg1. :ExampleDP_Arg2.] callback)]
    (Thread/sleep 180000)
    (.disconnect c))
  (.stop manager))

Full example can be found here.